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    <title>ScripoTime — News &amp; Publications</title>
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    <description>Original articles, research and news about scripophily — historic stock and bond certificates — from the ScripoTime community.</description>
    <language>en</language>
    <lastBuildDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <item>
      <title>Hot for Cocoa: The Geoeconomic Landscape of West Africa</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/hot-for-cocoa-geoeconomic-landscape-west-africa</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (Lynette Hew)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Shares</category>
      <category>Africa</category>
      <category>France</category>
      <category>Certificate Art</category>
      <category>Market Trends</category>
      <description>Two share certificates from Plantations Réunies de l&apos;Ouest Africain — a light 1928 issue from Abidjan and a heavier post-1945 CFA issue from Gagnoa — share the same engraved map but tell two very different macroeconomic stories: colonial confidence giving way to controlled consolidation.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pour Some Sugar on the Map</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/pour-some-sugar-on-the-map</link>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (Lynette)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Shares</category>
      <category>Certificate Art</category>
      <category>Latin America</category>
      <category>Mid-20th Century</category>
      <description>A 1924 sugar mill share certificate from Compañía Azucarera del Paraíso Novillero turns cartography into industrial strategy — mapping rail, river and steamship routes across eastern Mexico.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Chaplin Studios Stock Certificate – Film History on Paper</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/the-chaplin-studios-aktie-filmhistorie-auf-papier</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (T.K)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Shares</category>
      <category>United States</category>
      <category>Certificate Art</category>
      <category>Entertainment</category>
      <description>In 1918 Charlie Chaplin founded The Chaplin Studios Inc. with 2,000 shares at 100 dollars each. Only a handful survive — and just three carry his triple signature.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ScripoFrance and Numistoria Join ScripoTime as Affiliated Dealers</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/scripofrance-and-numistoria-join-as-affiliated-dealer</link>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (Adam Jorand)</author>
      <category>News</category>
      <category>Europe</category>
      <category>France</category>
      <description>ScripoTime is pleased to announce a new partnership with Numistoria and ScripoFrance, two leading platforms in historic paper collectibles.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bonds &amp; Shares Designed in the Art Deco Style</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/art-deco-bonds-and-shares-weritz-collection</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (Jürgen Weritz)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Bonds</category>
      <category>Shares</category>
      <category>Certificate Art</category>
      <category>Certificate Evolution</category>
      <category>Europe</category>
      <category>France</category>
      <category>Germany</category>
      <description>A guided tour of the Jürgen Weritz archive: how interwar corporations, municipalities and industrial firms translated the geometric optimism of Art Deco onto the surface of their share certificates and bonds — adapted from the Art Deco Collection journal.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cuba – Local Sugar Companies and Their Scripophily</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss-2026-02-cuba-local-sugar-companies-scripophily</link>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Bonds</category>
      <category>Shares</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Cuba</category>
      <category>Latin America</category>
      <category>Sugar</category>
      <category>Certificate Art</category>
      <description>Michael Fraikin traces the locally-incorporated Cuban sugar companies from the colonial boom of the 1850s through the Republican era, the post-WWI bust and the Castro revolution — illustrated with rare bonds and shares from American Bank Note, Hamilton Bank Note and Spanish-style local printers.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Roebling&apos;s Rail-Road Suspension Bridge Over The Niagara River Gorge</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/roebling-niagara-railroad-suspension-bridge</link>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (Bernhard Wilde)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Bonds</category>
      <category>Shares</category>
      <category>Railroads</category>
      <category>North America</category>
      <category>United States</category>
      <category>Certificate Art</category>
      <description>How John A. Roebling built the world&apos;s first working railroad suspension bridge across the Niagara Gorge — and the rare stocks, bonds and banknotes that record it.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Financial History — The Roots of Prosperity</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/financial-history-roots-of-prosperity</link>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (Scott Winslow)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>North America</category>
      <category>United States</category>
      <description>Wall Street in 1789 — a view of old City Hall, with the famed Buttonwood Tree, the meeting place of America&apos;s earliest stockbrokers.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>George H. LaBarre Joins ScripoTime as Affiliated Dealer</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/george-h-labarre-joins-scripotime-as-affiliated-dealer</link>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (ScripoTime Editorial)</author>
      <category>News</category>
      <category>North America</category>
      <category>United States</category>
      <description>ScripoTime is proud to partner with George H. LaBarre Galleries, one of the most established names in historic paper collectibles. Members enjoy a 20% discount.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Brian Hanly Joins ScripoTime as Affiliated Dealer</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/brian-hanly-joins-scripotime-as-affiliated-dealer</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (ScripoTime Editorial)</author>
      <category>News</category>
      <category>North America</category>
      <category>United States</category>
      <description>Partnership with Ticker History — one of the top U.S. dealers in vintage stock and bond certificates, founded by collector Brian Hanly and based in Tribeca, New York.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Marcel Duchamp and the 1924 Monte Carlo Bond</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/marcel-duchamp-and-the-1924-monte-carlo-bond</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (Reynaud Gilles)</author>
      <category>Bonds</category>
      <category>Certificate Art</category>
      <category>France</category>
      <category>Europe</category>
      <description>In 1924 Marcel Duchamp issued 30 fictional bonds under the name Roulette de Monte-Carlo. They were more than just collectibles — they were art.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Alberto Puppo Joins ScripoTime as Affiliated Dealer</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/alberto-puppo-joins-scripotime-as-affiliated-dealer</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/alberto-puppo-joins-scripotime-as-affiliated-dealer</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 05 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (ScripoTime Editorial)</author>
      <category>News</category>
      <category>Europe</category>
      <category>Italy</category>
      <description>Partnership with ScripoMarket.com, the editorial platform of Scripo SRL — founded by Alberto Puppo, a well-known figure in scripophily who combines IT innovation with high-quality cultural content.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A French Painting Inspires a Much-Used Vignette of Niagara Falls on Stocks and Bonds</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss-121-sebron-niagara-falls-vignette-stocks-bonds</link>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 01 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Bonds</category>
      <category>Shares</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>United States</category>
      <category>North America</category>
      <category>Certificate Art</category>
      <category>Certificate Evolution</category>
      <description>Bernhard Wilde follows a single image — Hippolyte Sebron&apos;s 1850s painting of Niagara Falls — from a French canvas through Friedrich Salathé&apos;s aquatint and onto more than sixty bank notes, stocks and bonds engraved by Danforth Wright, National Bank Note, American Bank Note and Western Bank Note over 125 years.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cox’s Corner #24: Abandon the “Race to the Bottom”</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-coxs-corner-24-race-to-the-bottom</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-coxs-corner-24-race-to-the-bottom</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Collecting</category>
      <category>Dealing &amp; Selling</category>
      <category>Regular Column</category>
      <description>A practical opinion column urging professional dealers to differentiate themselves from amateur online sellers — better scans, tight descriptions, independent web presence — drawing on the author&apos;s database of 637,000+ confirmed certificate sales. Useful evergreen advice, though more market-commentary than research.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Advertising Securities</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-advertising-securities</link>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Germany</category>
      <category>Ephemera &amp; Oddities</category>
      <category>Advertising</category>
      <category>Banknotes</category>
      <description>A themed survey of &apos;securities&apos; that were never real investments at all: German firms (Carl Küchler, Hochlehnert &amp; Co., Hartungsche Buchdruckerei, the Metropol-Theater) and a Nash Buffalo Corp. message that printed advertisements in the form of stock certificates and even on a 1922 10,000-Mark Reichsbank note. A fun, offbeat collecting niche.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Heading for Saudi Arabia on a Warship</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-saudi-arabia-on-a-warship-sams</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-saudi-arabia-on-a-warship-sams</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Mining</category>
      <category>Saudi Arabia</category>
      <category>Bahamas</category>
      <category>Collector Stories</category>
      <description>A first-person collecting story: a $11 eBay purchase of a 1948 Saudi Arabian Mining Syndicate share leads, six years and a blog post later, to contact with the daughter of the mine&apos;s 1940 shaft foreman — weaving the certificate, the Mahd adh Dhahab &apos;Cradle of Gold&apos; mine, and the wartime fate of the SS Exochorda/USS Harry Lee into one narrative.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interocéanique de Panama S.A.</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-panama-canal-compagnie-universelle</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-panama-canal-compagnie-universelle</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>France</category>
      <category>Panama Canal</category>
      <category>Infrastructure Finance</category>
      <category>Financial Scandals</category>
      <description>The financial history of de Lesseps&apos; ill-fated French Panama Canal company — concession origins, founder vs ordinary shares, the engineering and disease disasters, the largest private investment failure in history, and the subsequent US takeover. Authoritative economic narrative tied to the share illustrated.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Exciting New Find – French Slave Trading Company (La Compagnie Royale de l’Assiente)</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-french-slave-trading-company-assiente</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-french-slave-trading-company-assiente</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>France</category>
      <category>Early Shares (Pre-1800)</category>
      <category>Slave Trade History</category>
      <category>Rarities</category>
      <description>The discovery and analysis of a 1704 vellum share in La Compagnie Royale de l&apos;Assiente, the French royal slave-trading monopoly created by Louis XIV and Philip V of Spain — described as the second-oldest known French share and a sombre, historically significant rarity, bearing eight original handwritten signatures. Combines provenance, history and document analysis.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Palaces of the Railroads: Major U.S. Railroad Stations on Securities</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-palaces-of-the-railroads-stations</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-palaces-of-the-railroads-stations</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Us Railroads</category>
      <category>Architecture</category>
      <category>Bank-Note Engraving</category>
      <category>Vignettes</category>
      <description>A connoisseur&apos;s tour of America&apos;s great railroad stations as they appear engraved on bonds and shares — Penn Station, Grand Central, St. Louis, Chicago, Boston South Station, Reading Terminal and Cincinnati Union Terminal — highlighting the etching work of American Bank Note&apos;s William J. Brown. Strong visual subject, expert authorship, evergreen.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Grafton Tyler Brown and the Flowering of Lithographed Mining Stocks in the 1870s West</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-grafton-brown-lithographed-mining-stocks</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/ibss101-grafton-brown-lithographed-mining-stocks</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Us Mining</category>
      <category>Lithography &amp; Engraving</category>
      <category>California History</category>
      <category>Printers</category>
      <description>A scholarly, story-driven feature on the 1860s–1880s rivalry between San Francisco&apos;s two leading stock-certificate lithographers, Britton &amp; Rey and Grafton Tyler Brown — the latter a free-born African American artist who &apos;passed&apos; as white to build California&apos;s first Black-owned state-contracting lithography business. Rich in named certificates and printing history; written by a professional historian. Highly evergreen and original.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Loans of the Royal Bulgarian Government</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-royal-bulgarian-government-loans</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-royal-bulgarian-government-loans</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Bulgaria</category>
      <category>Government Loans</category>
      <category>Reference</category>
      <description>A detailed reference survey of Royal Bulgarian Government loans (1892–1928), the country&apos;s debt and settlement record, and issue/outstanding figures for the League of Nations Settlement and Stabilisation Loans and earlier Gold Loans.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stockton and Darlington Railway</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-stockton-and-darlington-railway</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-stockton-and-darlington-railway</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Great Britain</category>
      <category>Railways</category>
      <category>Early Shares</category>
      <category>Cover Article</category>
      <description>The cover certificate explained: a Stockton &amp; Darlington Railway certificate (likely issued under the 1858 Amalgamation Act) whose vignette shows the Skerne Bridge from the railway&apos;s famous 1825 opening, with the history of the world&apos;s first public steam railway.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Russian Bonds: A Field for the Collector</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-russian-bonds-overview</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-russian-bonds-overview</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Russia</category>
      <category>Overview</category>
      <category>Defaulted Bonds</category>
      <description>An overview of why Tsarist Russian bonds make a rich collecting field — Europe&apos;s pre-revolution eagerness to lend, long redemption periods, multi-currency options, and the loans left unredeemed by the Revolution.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chinese 8% Treasury Notes 1925/29 (the &apos;Vickers Issue&apos;)</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-chinese-8pc-treasury-notes-vickers</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-chinese-8pc-treasury-notes-vickers</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>China</category>
      <category>Aviation</category>
      <category>Treasury Notes</category>
      <description>The 1919 Vickers contract to supply Vimy and Avro aircraft to China, financed by £1.8m of Chinese Government Treasury Notes placed in London via Kleinwort — the background to the collectible &apos;Vickers Issue&apos; notes.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-denver-rio-grande-western-rr</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-denver-rio-grande-western-rr</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Usa</category>
      <category>Railways</category>
      <category>Narrow Gauge</category>
      <description>A collector&apos;s certificate of the Denver and Rio Grande Railway (incorporated 1870), conceived as a narrow-gauge line, with notes on the company&apos;s original name.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>American Express Company and the American Merchants Union Express Company</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-american-express-merchants-union</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0279-american-express-merchants-union</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Feb 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Usa</category>
      <category>Express Companies</category>
      <category>Wells Fargo</category>
      <description>The 1850 formation of American Express from the merger of Wells, Butterfield and Livingston-Fargo companies, the 1852 birth of Wells Fargo for California express business, and the 1868 American Merchants Union Express merger.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Banco Central Mexicano — Share Warrants</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0179-banco-central-mexicano-warrants</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0179-banco-central-mexicano-warrants</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Mexico</category>
      <category>Banking</category>
      <category>Share Warrants</category>
      <description>A note on the Banco Central Mexicano (founded 1899 with Deutsche Bank and J.P. Morgan involvement), its unusual 100-peso interest-bearing share warrants, and its disappearance with the 1910 Revolution.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Railway Certificates: Candidates for the Oldest</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0179-railway-certificates-oldest-in-collection</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0179-railway-certificates-oldest-in-collection</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Great Britain</category>
      <category>Usa</category>
      <category>Railways</category>
      <category>Early Shares</category>
      <description>A collector surveys candidates for the oldest railway certificates — an 1829 Liverpool &amp; Manchester vellum share, 1830s American railroads printed by Rawdon Wright &amp; Hatch, and the Baltimore &amp; Ohio — with observations on their vignettes.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Brazilian Railway Company</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0179-brazilian-railway-company</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0179-brazilian-railway-company</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>Brazil</category>
      <category>Railways</category>
      <category>Defaulted Bonds</category>
      <description>The corporate and repayment history of the Brazilian Railway Company (incorporated Maine, 1906), the 1940 Brazilian seizure of assets, and the protracted bondholder restitution through to a final 1974 payment.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chinese Government Bonds (collector&apos;s notes)</title>
      <link>https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0179-chinese-government-bonds-notes</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://scripotime.com/publications/bss0179-chinese-government-bonds-notes</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Jan 1979 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <author>noreply@scripotime.com (International Bond &amp; Share Society)</author>
      <category>History</category>
      <category>Publications</category>
      <category>IBSS Archives</category>
      <category>China</category>
      <category>Reference</category>
      <description>Explanatory notes for collectors of Chinese external loans: tax-free status, the change of authorising authority from Imperial Edict to National Assembly resolution, and the meaning of terms such as &apos;likin&apos; and &apos;Tsungli-Yamen&apos;.</description>
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